Ububi Ku Gipfukisho c'Ubwogero: Kubera Iki Bupfuka Bitagoranye N'Ingaruka Zaco Zishika Kure-

Ububi buva bitagoranye ku bikoresho vyo gukingira ubwogero bwoshobora gusa n’ikintu gitoyi kibabaza, mugabo mu vy’ukuri buva ku gukorana hagati y’imigera, ubukonje be n’ugusenyuka kw’ibintu. Iki kibazo kirakwiragiye mu ngo kw’isi yose-kuva mu turere two ku nkengera y’ikiyaga two muri Amerika dufise ubukonje bwinshi gushika mu mazu mato mato yo mu Buraya no muri Aziya. Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwemeza ko iyo ngorane atari ikintu gisanzwe; riterwa n’ibintu bidukikije be n’ubugoyagoye bwo ku mubiri.

Igituma ububi butera imbere ku bikoresho vyo gukingira ubwogero

Ubwogero buratanga ahantu heza ho gukura kw’ibikoko kubera ubukonje buhoraho, ubushuhe, n’imyanda y’ibinyabuzima. Ivyo gukingira ivyuma vy’i silikoni, ivyo bikaba bikoreshwa cane hirya no hino y’ibikarabiro, ibikarabiro be n’ibikarabiro, biratuma haba ibihe bitobito bifasha ibiherere ku mubiri gukura. Ivyo bituma biguma bikonja gatoyi kuruta ibikikuje, ivyo bikaba bituma habaho ugukonja.

Icigwa co muri 2019 citwa "Gukuraho ububi bw'ibidukikije," cakozwe n'ikigo ca Nouvelle-Zélande c'ubuhinga n'ubushakashatsi ku bidukikije (ESR), cerekanye ko amajosi y'ubwogero ashobora gutera ububi bwirabura iyo ubukonje burenze 70%. Abashakashatsi bo muri Porirua barabonye yuko ibisigazwa vy’isabune be n’ibindi bintu bifatanye n’ibintu bifata amazi bitanga ingaburo zituma ibiherere ku mubiri vyihuta gukura. Ivyo birasigura igituma mu bisanzwe ububi bubanza kuboneka ku mirongo y’ibikingira aho kuboneka ku mabuye.

Ingene Ububi Butuma Igipfukisho Gipfuka

Uko ivyuma bipfutse ububi vyoroshe gukuraho biva ku kuntu ibiherere ku mubiri bikura. Ububi ntibuca gusa ku ruhande; ryinjiye cane mu gipfukisho. Ivyo bikoko bikora uruzitiro rumeze nk’urw’umubiri (mycelium-) rukwiragizwa munsi y’ubutaka, bigatuma ibintu bigoyagoya kuva imbere gushika hanze.

Raporo yo mu mwaka w’2018 yakozwe n’ikigo c’igihugu ca Amerika kijejwe ivy’ubuhinga n’ubuhinga (NIST), yitwa “Iterambere ry’imigera ku bikoresho vyo gukingira inyubakwa,” yerekanye ko ibikoko bisanzwe nka Aspergillus niger bitanga intungamubiri zisenyura amapolymere ya silikoni. Ico gikorwa c’intungamubiri kirema igice gikomeye, gishobora gusenyuka-gituma igikoko kigaragara ko coroshe gusukura-mu gihe gisiga ubuhumane bwimbitse butakozweko.

Navyo nyene, icigwa co mu 2020 cakozwe n’ikigo ca Fraunhofer co mu Budagi kijejwe ivy’inyubako, “Uguhingura ibintu bifise ubuzima ku bipfukisho vy’isuku,” vyasanze ukura kw’ibiherere ku mubiri gushobora guhindura imiterere y’ibipfukisho vy’isuku. Abashakashatsi bo muri Holzkirchen bavumbuye ko inkomezi zigabanuka ku rugero rwa 60% gushika ku 70%, ni co gituma ivyuma vyo gukingira ivyuma vyononekaye bivaho aho kuguma bimeze neza.

Uruhara rw'ubukonje n'ugusenyuka kw'ibikoresho

Mu bibanza vyo kwogeramwo, ibikoresho bifatanya amazi biguma bishikirwa n’ingendo z’ugutobeka no kwuma. Ivyo bituma habaho utuvungukira dutoduto dutuma utugingo ngengabuzima n’amazi bishobora kwinjira cane muri ivyo bintu.

Icigwa co muri 2021 cakozwe na kaminuza ya Portsmouth mw'ishure ry'ubuhinga bw'ubwubatsi mu Bwongereza, citwa "Uguhangana n'ibiherere ku mubiri mu bidukikije bifise ubukonje bwinshi cane," casanze ibikoresho bipfutse bikozwe muri silikoni bitakaza gushika kuri 40% vy'inguvu zavyo zo kwifatanya inyuma y'ingendo zisubirwamwo z'ubukonje. Ukwo gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kwifatanya bihindura ico kintu gipfutse kikaba ico abashakashatsi bita “umuhanda munini w’ibinyabuzima,” bikaba bituma ibiherere ku mubiri bishobora gukwiragira bitagoranye.

Ivyo bimenyetso vyemeza ko gusenyuka kw’ibipfukisho vy’ibikoko atari ikibazo co ku ruhande gusa-ariko ni ingorane y’imiterere iterwa n’imibabaro y’ibidukikije n’ibikorwa vy’imigera.

Ingaruka z'ubuzima n'imiterere

Ivyatsi vy’ibikoko vy’ibikoko ntibigira ico bikoze gusa ku bijanye n’ubwiza; kandi biratera ingorane nyinshi ku buzima. Ikigo co muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kijejwe gukingira ibidukikije (EPA) carabonye ko hariho isano hagati yo gushikirwa n’ibikoko vyo mu nzu n’ugushikirwa n’ibintu bishobora gutuma umuntu agira allergie, ingorane zo guhema be n’indwara y’umusonga. Hari ubwoko bumwebumwe, nka Stachybotrys chartarum, burekura ubumara bushobora gushika mu kirere iyo buhungabanijwe, ivyo bikaba bituma umuntu ashobora guhumeka.

Raporo y’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ryitaho amagara y’abantu (OMS) yo mu 2023 yerekeye ubukonje bwo mu nzu yerekana ko gushikirwa n’ibikoko bishobora gutera indwara zo mu bihimba vy’impwemu mu miryango myinshi yo mu bisagara kw’isi yose.

Mu mibumbe, ikintu co gukingira amazi gishobora gutuma amazi ashobora guca mu bipande vy’amabuye n’ibindi bikoresho. Ivyo bivuza vyihishijwe birashobora kwonona hasi, inkuta, n’ibintu vyo hasi-kenshi ntibimenyekane gushika bisabwe gusanura bizimvye.